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The Marshall Scholarship is a postgraduate scholarship available to American students.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/Stats2012forpublication.pdf )〕 It is the most selective graduate Fellowship available to American undergraduates, with 3.2% of 970 university-endorsed applicants ultimately securing the scholarship in 2015, and along with the Fulbright Scholarship it is the only broadly available scholarship available to Americans to study at any University in the United Kingdom.〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/stats2015〕 It is widely considered one of the most prestigious scholarships in the world.〔http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/12/education/other-roads.html〕〔http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505145_162-37244301/10-most-prestigious-scholarships-in-america/〕〔http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/15/nyregion/ambassador-names-marshall-scholars.html〕 In addition to pure academic pursuits, the program aims to provide future leaders of America with insight into the "British ideals and way of life" and to strengthen the "Special Relationship" that exists between the United States and the United Kingdom. The Marshall Scholarship was created by the Parliament of the United Kingdom when the Marshall Aid Commemoration Act was passed in 1953,〔http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/1-2/39/contents〕 serving as a living gift to the United States of America in recognition of the post-World War II European Recovery Plan, commonly known as the Marshall Plan, and inspired by the Rhodes Scholarship. The first class of Marshall Scholars, who began academic study in the fall of 1954, consisted of eight men and four women selected from a pool of 700 applicants. Currently, there are over 1,900 Marshall Scholar alumni.〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics〕 Up to 40 Scholars are selected each year (31 in 2015 〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/scholars/winners_announced〕), out of a pool of approximately 1,000 applicants who have been endorsed by their Universities to apply.〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/2014_statistics〕 The majority of Scholars choose to attend either Oxford, Cambridge, University College London (UCL), Imperial College London, London School of Economics, King's College London,or one of the other major London institutions,〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics〕 but Scholars have attended a wide range of universities throughout the UK, many of which are ranked〔http://www.topuniversities.com/university_rankings/results/2008/overall_rankings/top_100_universities/〕〔http://www.arwu.org/rank2008/ARWU2008_A(EN).htm〕 among the best in the world. In 2013, there were 73 Marshall Scholars in residence at British universities〔(Marshall Scholarships Annual Reports )〕 including those who were selected for the classes of 2010, 2011, and 2012. During this time, there were 24 Scholars at University of Oxford, 23 at the University of London (including 7 at the London School of Economics), 12 at the University of Cambridge, and 6 at Imperial College London. Of these scholars, 53 were studying Arts and Social Sciences while 20 were studying Science, Engineering or Mathematics.〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/60thannualreport〕 ==Objectives== In a letter〔http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/history/〕 to the first class of Marshall Scholars, George Marshall echoed his own words in initially presenting his ideas for European recovery by saying, A close accord between our two countries is essential to the good of mankind in this turbulent world of today, and that is not possible without an intimate understanding of each other. These scholarships point the way to the continuation and growth of the understanding which found its necessity in the terrible struggle of the war years. The published objectives of the Marshall Scholarships are outlined as follows: # To enable intellectually distinguished young Americans, their country's future leaders, to study in the UK. # To help scholars gain an understanding and appreciation of contemporary Britain. # To contribute to the advancement of knowledge in science, technology, the humanities and social sciences and the creative arts at Britain's centres of academic excellence. # To motivate scholars to act as ambassadors from the USA to the UK and vice versa throughout their lives thus strengthening British American understanding. # To promote the personal and academic fulfilment of each scholar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marshall Scholarship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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